A bank is a financial institution and a
financial intermediary that accepts deposits and channels those deposits into
lending activities, either directly by loaning or indirectly through capital
markets. A bank is the connection between customers that have capital deficits
and customers with capital surpluses.
Banks act as payment agents by conducting checking or
current accounts for customers, paying cheques drawn by customers on the bank,
and collecting cheques deposited to customers' current accounts. Banks also
enable customer payments via other payment methods such as Automated Clearing
House (ACH), Wire transfers or telegraphic transfer, EFTPOS, and automated
teller machine (ATM).
Banks borrow money by accepting funds deposited on
current accounts, by accepting term deposits, and by issuing debt securities
such as banknotes and bonds. Banks lend money by making advances to customers
on current accounts, by making installment loans, and by investing in
marketable debt securities and other forms of money lending.
Banks provide different payment services, and a bank
account is considered indispensable by most businesses and individuals.
Non-banks that provide payment services such as remittance companies are
normally not considered an adequate substitute for a bank account.
Banks can create new money when they make a loan. New
loans throughout the banking system generate new deposits elsewhere in the
system. The money supply is usually increased by the act of lending, and
reduced when loans are repaid faster than new ones are generated. In the United
Kingdom between 1997 and 2007, there was a big increase in the money supply,
largely caused by much more bank lending, which served to push up property
prices and increased private debt. The amount of money in the economy as
measured by M4 in the
UK went from £750 billion to £1700 billion between 1997 and 2007, much of the
increase of which was caused by bank lending. If all the banks increase their
lending together, then they can expect new deposits to return to them and the
amount of money in the economy will increase.
Generally, banks enable access to their variety of
services through a wide spectrum of channels, including the following:
Automated Teller Machines (ARM); bank branch, call centre; mail; mobile
banking; online banking; Relationship Managers; telephone banking, video
banking etc.
London has a high
concentration of banks and other financial services; and offers you an
opportunity to foster your career in banking. There are numerous banking jobs
in London to choose from; and the particular banking job you go for would
depend on your particular career aspirations or goal.
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